The Jewish quarter in Prague goes back to the city's very beginnings. From the 9C, communities were set up and in the 13C settled in a ghetto complete with its own fortifications in the heart of the Old City. Over the years and monarchies, the Jews were surpressed in the 1389 pogrom, excluded 1541-63 and in 1744, tolerated or integrated (with the Edict for Tolerance by Joseph II in 1781). The ghetto was abandoned in the late 19C and cleansed in the asanace, which left it as it is today.